There are loads of knobs that you can turn to customize your service depending on your environment and needs.įor a complete documentation about systemd, please refer to this page. What I have listed above, is only a minimal example. Meaning, if a dependency, this service will fail.
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This is used when you run either systemctl enable and systemctl disable command for enabling or disabling a service.īelow are the fields the Install section has: The Install section, as the name says, handles the installation of a systemd service/unit file. The available options are no, on-success, on-failure, on-abnormal, on-watchdog, on-abort and always. This specifies if a service should be restarted-depending on circumstances-or not. Restart:- This is another optional field but one that you will very likely use.Options are simple, exec, forking, oneshot, dbus, notify and idle. Type:- This indicates the start-up type of a process for a given systemd service.Use this field in case you wish to have a specific restart mechanism. For services that perform disk I/O (especially writing to disk, like a database), it is best to gracefully kill them and start again. ExecReload:- This is an optional field.In our case, we want the Apache server to start. ExecStart:- The command that needs to be executed when the service starts.The Service section contains details about the execution and termination of service.īelow are the fields the Service section has: This too, like After, includes targets or other services. This is because, in my case, Nextcloud server depends on the Apache web server. In this example, I tell that "I want Apache web server running before the service for Nextcloud is started". Before:- Start current service before specified service.This typically includes targets or other services. For example, if you are configuring Apache web server, you want the server to start after the network is online. Description:- Human-readable title of the systemd service.Details like 'what is its description', 'what are its dependencies' and more.īelow are the fields the Unit section has: In our case, it contains details about the service. The Unit section contains details and description about the unit itself. Let us understand what each of these words mean. This is the most basic structure of a systemd service file. ĮxecStart=/usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -D FOREGROUND -k startĮxecReload=/usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k graceful I have modified it so that it helps you understand. Please note that this is NOT an actual systemd service file. service and we use the pound/hash symbol ( #) for single line comments.īelow is an example of a systemd service file. The systemd service file has three important and necessary sections. Understanding the basic structure of a systemd service file Technically what I am referring to as 'systemd service file' is actually called a 'systemd unit' file, but since this tutorial is about creating a service, I will continue referring to this as 'systemd service file'. A 'systemd service file' is a file that is written in a format such that systemd is able to parse and understand it, and later on do what you told it to do. You are not required to manually start and/or stop it. Simply put, a service is a "background process" that is started or stopped based on certain circumstances.
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Since systemd is used so widely, it is worth taking a look at and learning about how to create a systemd services. Ubuntu, Fedora, RHEL, Debian, Pop!_OS, openSUSE, Arch – all of them ship with systemd by default. Sure, there are Linux distributions that explicitly advertise usage of a different init system other than systemd, but those are very rare. But one thing that you cannot deny is that systemd is now present in almost all Linux distributions! Since its introduction in March 2010, people have had various opinions about systemd.
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